Anesthesiology 2009; 110:1139–57 Copyright © 2009, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Postoperative Urinary Retention Anesthetic and Perioperative Considerations
Gabriele Baldini, M.D.,* Hema Bagry, M.D., F.R.C.A., F.R.C.P.C.,* Armen Aprikian, M.D., F.R.C.S.C.,† Franco Carli, M.D., M.Phil., F.R.C.A., F.R.C.P.C.‡
This is an informative article about Post-Operative Urinary Retention (POUR) which many surgical nurses will be all too familiar with!
It details the anatomy and physiology of the bladder and the mechanism of micturition (passing urine!)
How to diagnose POUR:
Clinical Examination
Ultrasound scan of the bladder
Bladder catheterisation
Factors that increase the likelihood of developing POUR:
Age and gender
Comorbidities
Anaesthetic medications
Intravenous fluids
Duration of surgery
Type of anaesthetic
Complications associated with POUR
Autonomic response
Infection
Bladder overdistension
Management of POUR
Looking at prevention and when to use catheterisation